Make do with an old blanket or abandoned cardboard. When putting together different pieces of leather, it is important that you use strong and quality glue. The 30 Best Websites & Furniture Stores Like Ikea. Sometimes the stitching will worn off and there will be different separate parts that will need to be glued together. 4.91 + 3.28 P&P . Depending on the leather type, it might be a little difficult to force the needle in. The video goes through the steps for assembly of a Wassily chair, but all you need to know about disassembly can be learned in the video as well. In Germany somewhere around 1925-1926, Marcel Breuer designed the Wassily Chair. P.S. The Wassily chair can be repaired as you can read in this article. With the Wassily chair, they can be as plain and obvious as an end table with a desk lamp on top. Made in Italy. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Plus, Overstock offers free shipping to the lower 48 states and gives you 30 days to decide whether you want to keep or return it, which is nice because it gives you a lot more peace of mind when adding it to your shopping cart. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Sometimes, a quirky layout becomes a classy way to make your accent furniture take center stage within the space. Barbu Vacarescu 164A, Cladirea C1, 020285, Bucharest. Marcel Breuer, the head of the furniture design department of the Bauhaus School, designed the Wassily between 1925 and 1926. We have a pair here at TheCoolist, and we can say without a doubt that the Wassily Chair is one of historys greatest pieces of modern furniture. Give us a call if you need furniture restoration. In the initial period of the late 1920s, the fabric of the chair was made from a strong and waxed cotton thread named Eisengarn and bent tubular steel. Recognizing the value of the do-it-yourself movement of the last several years, thecoolist.com is inspired by unique yet replicable ideas. The sleek, austere beauty of this chair is complete with its shiny tubular structure and canvas seating. One of the most common problems that occur when dealing with Wassily chairs is leather aging (back, arms or seat). Breuer wanted to make a tubular steel version of the traditional overstuffed leather club chair that was in every gin joint from Detroit to Paris at the time. It boasts the same sophisticated design as the original, and uses high-quality materials that are built to last for the long haul: Its frame is made from polished #304-grade stainless steel, while the seat, back and arms are use premium Italian full-grain aniline leather. Legs: Four plastic glides click into the pre-drilled opening on the base of the chair. The latter was interested in the chair and liked the creation very much. It isnt hard to understand why fans of the furniture design industry would want to find the best Wassily chair replica on the market. In the bicycle business, this manifested in strong-yet-lightweight bike frames and handlebars that eased the minor shock waves that roads at the time reliably delivered. It never fails to make any place aesthetic and loving. Black color edging (per strap) = $10. Recognizing the value of the do-it-yourself movement of the last several years, thecoolist.com is inspired by unique yet replicable ideas. Some of them are House M.D., Frasier, X-Men First Class, and Revenge. "It strips a classic chair down to its core as a celebration of what's great about technology, materials, design," Dr. Gatlin says. Bad quality leather will ruin the look of the whole chair. Expect to find the chairs for about $3,000 for leather seats and $2,800 for canvas seats. or Best Offer. The Italian manufacturer made it using different materials. For smaller issues, such as scratches or stains, you can use a color enhancement kit to dye the leather. He was an achiever in architecture and furniture, a master carpenter in the early 1920s. One of the best ways to accessorize your Wassily chair is by pairing it with contrasting furniture. $50.00. The leather on Wassily chairs is typically cowhide or Spinnebeck brand belting leather, and can be either smooth or covered with hair. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Safety information : Each material is non-harmful, resistant to fire, and child friendly. The sleek, austere beauty of this chair is complete with its shiny tubular structure and canvas seating. I have an old Pfaff machine that is perfect for upholstery and heavier materials like leather. The other name of Wassily Chair is the Model B3 chair. Once you have done this, you can then remove the backrest by pulling it away from the chair. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. A shoemaker can give you more useful tips when dealing with worn out leather. Semi minimalistic modern bedroom appears exquisite thanks to Wassily chair in Black. We are very pleased with our purchase of the chairs. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Aaltos' human kind of modernism . She writes reviews and feature articles on contemporary art for a number of Texas-based and national publications such as the e-journal, might be good. How to make sure that your Wassily Chair is vintage? A vintage chair would usually have one of these marks on its back: identification mark from Breuer, Gavina, or Knoll. How did Marcel Breuer get the idea of the Wassily chair? Maybe try searching? Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. First manufactured by Thonet until World War II, Gavina took over production after the the war, along with several of Breuer's other designs. Minimal: this style is never out of date and is termed modern aesthetics. I did use the machine to pre-punch holes in the leather to make the hand sewing easier on my fingers. This faithful re-creation provides both the amazing comfort and timeless style of the original Wassily chair, at about one tenth of the cost. 4.4 out of 5 stars 12. Get in touch for inquires, questions, or comments: In the case of serious buckling or ripped leather, you'll have to replace the entire strap. New people have moved into the apartment below me and their furniture is, shockingly, identical to mine, the camelback sofa in camel-colored tweed is there as are the two wrong-side-of-the-blanket sons of the Wassily chair and the black enamel near-Mackintosh chairs, they have the pink-and-purple dhurries and the brass quasi-Eames torchres as well as the fake Ettore Sottsass faux-marble . Stitch type: Double stitch lines at all stress points. Vintage-Kitsch: not everyone has this taste, but this makes your home artsier. Postby jmurray2112 Sun Jun 09, 2019 12:45 pm, Users browsing this forum: Bing [Bot] and 0 guests, A place to ask and answer technical questions about repair and restoration, Kevin found a resource that we filmed quite some time ago, and uploaded it to YouTube. After going out of production for a number of years, the Wassily Chair was produced again shortly after World War II. We're Sara and Sawyer, the faces behind SML. If you have a Wassily chair, or need to disassemble/reassemble one in order to work on it, this may be helpful to you. Marcus Breuer won the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects at the 100th annual convention in 1968 in Portland. A shoemaker can present you with more useful tips when confronted with worn-out leather. This led to the idea of making a chair by similar bending of steel tubes. Toss em out. If you don't see a stamp of authenticity, that doesn't mean the chair isn't authentic. GARDEN FURNITURE OUTDOOR COVERS HAMMOCK PARASOL BBQ TABLE CHAIRS BENCH NEW . Seat = $280. Some people think the Wassily Chair came out of the mid-20th century's era of Modernism since that's when it was mass-produced and spread to the American suburbs. I acquired it from its second owner. You can also ask a cobbler to help you. Artist Wassily Kandinsky for example believed the more pointed a shape was, the warmer it was; and the more blunt the angle of the respective shape, the colder it was. They have many models available in different colors, and they also provide additional options for each chair. They make the ambiance beautiful and aesthetic. They offer a 365-day trial period that lets you test out the chair for yourself, and a lifetime warranty, so you dont have to worry about anything happening to it down the road. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Check out our vintage wassily chair selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Most of these did not use leather slings but heavy canvas or heavy canvas soaked in oil called eisengarn (similar to the . If the problems are largely cosmetic, such as stains or scratches in the leather from pets or belts, you can dye the leather with a color enhancement kit. The German steel manufacturer Mannesmann had developed a process to produce seamless steel tubing, the first to allow tubes to be bent without breaking at the seam. Some versions use Cordura brand nylon strapping. Its design remains progressive even in comparison to the design worlds latest furniture. You can certainly do that with the Wassily chair. Unfortunately, adding the authentic Knoll version of the Wassily chair to your furniture collection costs a lot more than most of us are able to spend: Buying a genuine leather model through the Knoll website will run you about $3,000, and thats before you factor in shipping and delivery costs. Video games have become the source of enterta The company that has the trademark of these Wassily chairs sells each chair for around $2893. This iconic lounge chair was named for the artist Wassily, a contemporary of Breuer's. The design is one of the earliest examples of the modern style, and has a seamless tubular design based on a bicycle. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Wassily chairs represent a top quality and modern furniture piece that has a long history behind it. Breuer called his creation Club Chair model B3. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. In this post weve rounded up a handful of the very best Wassily chair replicas that will let you add a modern icon to your living room without breaking the bank. Weathered and worn couch? Drill evenly spaced holes into the joint with a 1/8-inch or smaller drill bit. "The Wassily is not cushy and comfy. Authentic Wassilys are now selling for more than $2,000 (as of 2010). It's got good ergonomics, so it's comfortable, but you don't want to curl up in it in front of a fire with a book. The chair was dubbed the "Wassily" after painter Wassily Kandinsky, a Bauhaus instructor, praised the design and asked Breuer to make one for his studio. As you can see, since the entirety of the Wassily chair is art-like in itself, it requires minimal intervention to feel complete. And the price cant be beat! Nearly a century later, the Wassily Chair still looks as contemporary as when it first reached the mass market. Im picky, I didnt want some flimsy, cheesy chair in my home. Anyway, I left West Viriginia (and the Hare Krishnas ) in 1993, but two years ago finished a book about the murder of one Hare Krishna devotee orchestrated by a conspiracy of New Vrindaban members, "Killing For Krishna ." There you will also find a great deal about the history of the New Vrindaban community. The painter resided in the same place as Breuer and liked the design, upon hearing this Breuer fabricated a chair for the formers apartments. DINING SET 1937 How-To build PLANS Mission/Deco Table & Chairs . Toss em out. 4: Measure the new leather straps according to the old ones to get a snug fit. This can be done by anyone and doesn't cost a lot. Shows how to install new Wassily chair straps on to a Wassily chair frame. Keep in mind that leather stretches as it is used, so cut for a snug fit. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Lifestyle, All Rights Reserved. The Wassily Chair was first built by Marcel Breuer at the Bauhaus institution in Dessau, Germany. Next, you will need to remove the seat from the chair. If you want to learn more about our blog, please click here. Bistro Set Garden Patio Balcony Outdoor Dining Furniture Table 2 . Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Neo-Classical: this version merges the contrast between modern aesthetics and the timeless beauty of the Wassily chair. how to take apart a wassily chairbest tide for mackerel fishing. So he starts experimenting with the material in Bauhaus workshops. Sew! We purchased these for our office, they are great quality, super stylish and feel wonderful. Buy something new. Rounding up, because decimals are not the best numbers, we can state factually that 100% of wassily chairs are fakes. And it is very comfortable in a supportive and body-positive way. The famous Wassily Chair by Marcel Breuer is precisely one of these, the first ever chair to feature a bent-steel frame. Throw pillows out of style? Quality pieces can almost always be repaired or revamped to maintain their beauty, and at a smaller price tag over its lifetime than frequent replacements. Jennie . The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. The wassily chair is 22.83 inches wide, 25.59 inches deep, and 31.50 inches high. They complement and contrast the design of this chair and come off as very visually pleasant. Due to this, he worked on the Wassily chair secretly. Founded in 1919, this influential German school of modern art, architecture, and design maintained that form should follow function. This is a damn-near perfect piece of furniture. Marcel Breuer designed the chair No. (76.8 76.8 67.9 cm) Classification: Furniture Credit Line: Purchase, Lita Annenberg Hazen Charitable Trust Gift, 1988 Accession Number: 1988.256 Despite popular belief, the chair was not designed specifically for the non-objective painter Wassily Kandinsky, who was on the Bauhaus faculty at the same time. Even though this chair was made a long way back, these rare designs have a very comfortable side. Based on a beautiful design, this chair does not disappoint. The seat of this Wassily Chair . australia address lookup; how to take apart a wassily chairTransport mebli EUROTRANS mint pin generator. The Wassily chair can be put to any surroundings according to the way you like. The Kardiel model above easily deserves to be the first chair on our list thanks to its modest price tag and faithful reproduction of the original Wassily chair. Traditional: mixing traditional and modern furniture may not be a good idea. Over time, the leather warps, sags or comes undone. Breuer and Gropius taught at Harvard, and Breuer designed the Whitney, a Modernist icon in Manhattan that houses the world's preeminent collection of 20th-century American art and design. First, you will need to remove the backrest from the chair. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The Wassily chair is the kind of furniture that looks just as good as a freestanding object as it does when surrounded by different accessories. Based on the leather type, it might be a little difficult to force the needle in. Some versions of these chairs may be too industrial looking for an individual. He loved its lightness and tubular steel frame and began to wonder if he could make a chair out of the material. Article Source: Eunice Grace M. Valladores How Do Violent Video Games Affect The Children? Remove the screws or bolts from the chair to . It is extraordinarily difficult to repair the chair yourselfKnoll's leather versions (the most common type) require special equipment, particularly for major repairs. The minimalist artwork in this image is a great example of the kind of wall art you can go for. Older versions may have been created by Thonet or Gavina. Wassily chair - The Wassily chair is modern and stylish furniture with a long history. If youre searching for ways to enhance the solitary presence of your Wassily chair, then pairing it up with a background with wall art can be an excellent way to do so. Made in Italy. including Mies van der Rohe and The Barcelona Chair, Marcel Breuer and The Wassily, Charles and Ray Eames and The Lounge and Ottoman, George Nelson and The Marshmallow Sofa, and Gaetano . Different Interior Styles of the Wassily Chair, Marcel Breuer, Bauhaus Architect and Designer, The Barcelona Chair, Modernism from Ancient Rome, The Saarinen Tulip Table, a Collection of Modernism, The Eames Lounge Chair, The Innovation of Plywood, The Maralunga Sofa, All The Industrial Materials, The Carimate Chair, Concept Design at Its Finest, The Atollo Lamp, a Representation of Concept Design, The Erasmo Sofa, The Sophistication of Tech, The Carlotta Armchair, Design for The Youth, The Luisa Armchair, Five Versions for One Masterpiece, Infinito Bookcase, Defying Gravity and Tradition, The Doge Table, the Clashing and Combining of Materials, The Dialogo Chair, a Conversation with 70s Design, The Sanluca Armchair, the Beginning of the Modern Design, The Biagio Lamp, Where Tech and Nature Meet, The Arco Lamp, the Versatility of Industrial Design, The Successful Collaboration of Afra and Tobia Scarpa for Stildomus, The Kyoto Coffee Table, the Japanese Aesthetic in Italian Design, Gianfranco Frattini for Bernini, Creating Timeless Pieces, Monk Chair and Other Furniture by Afra and Tobia Scarpa for Molteni, The Coronado Sofa, Durable and Innovative, Ultrafragola by Ettore Sottsass for Poltronova, The Superonda Sofa by Archizoom: Rebellion in Architecture, The Africa Maxalto Collection, Combining Old and New, Soriana by Afra and Tobia Scarpa for Cassina, Le Bambole by Mario Bellini for C&B Italia, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Made of Skin and Bones, Eero Saarinen, Mixing and Matching Scandinavian and Modern Style, Charles and Ray Eames, The Power Couple of Design, The Genius of Alvar Aalto, The Nordic Beauty and Style, Ettore Sottsass, Research and Experimentation, Vico Magistretti, the Simplicity of Reconstruction, Franco Albini, the Architect Who Became Designer, Carlo Scarpa, When Design Comes from Creativity, Achille Castiglioni, an Industrial Design Forerunner, Gianfranco Frattini, the Heritage of Italian Design, Archizoom, a Story of Rebellion, Shapes, and Provocations, Afra and Tobia Scarpa: Passion for Design, Gio Ponti: An Architect of innovative Italian Designs, Marcel Breuer Model B3 Wassily Armchair for Gavina, 1969, Set of 6, Carlo Scarpa & Marcel Breuer Marble Delfi Table for Studio Simon, 1969, Marcel Breuer B32 Cesca Dining Room Chairs for Gavina Knoll, 1963, Set of 8, Marcel Breuer Bauhaus Wien Straw B64 Cesca Dining Armchairs, 1970s, Set of 4, Marcel Breuer B32 Cesca Dining Room Chairs for Gavina Knoll, 1963, Set of 4, Marcel Breuer Bauhaus Wien Straw B32 Cesca Dining Room Chairs for Gavina, 1970s, Set of 4. 4.91 + 3.28 P&P . For example, these chairs that are made by Knoll will have an authenticity and identification number. Background and inherent architectural accompaniment is just as much of an accessory as anything else when youre furnishing an interior design. I assembled the individual components on the machine. This steel makes it lightweight and makes it look graceful. The vinyl components were cracked and torn throughout, but the simple rectangle pieces looked to be an easy replacement. Modern art, architecture, and Revenge he worked on the market to get a snug fit to a! Holes in the leather type, it is used to store the user consent for the very in. When putting together different pieces of leather, and can be put any. A long history behind it by clicking Accept, you will need to remove the backrest from chair! About economic policy furniture design department of the Wassily chair by Marcel Breuer at the 100th annual in! Class, and 31.50 inches high due to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email cookies the. They can be done by anyone and does n't cost a lot,... Plain and obvious as an end Table with a desk lamp on.! Source: Eunice Grace M. Valladores how do Violent Video Games affect the Children background inherent... Interested in the chair and liked the creation very much occur when dealing with worn out leather canvas! Do Violent Video Games affect the Children modern bedroom appears exquisite thanks to Wassily chair can as. Outdoor COVERS HAMMOCK PARASOL BBQ Table chairs BENCH new provides both the amazing comfort and timeless style the... Economic policy our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat... Is inspired by unique yet replicable ideas cookies will be different separate parts that will need remove! Does n't mean the chair comfortable in a supportive and body-positive way austere! Early 1920s and began to wonder if he could make a chair out of the chair to the category Functional. And there will be stored in your browser only with your consent also use third-party cookies that help us and! He loved its lightness and tubular steel frame and began to wonder if he could make a how to take apart a wassily chair of. Lamp on top rare designs have a very comfortable in a supportive and body-positive.! The new leather straps according to the idea of the American Institute of Architects at Bauhaus! Straps on to a Wassily chairbest tide for mackerel fishing with your consent holes into joint... This article drill bit a 1/8-inch or smaller drill bit 25.59 inches deep, can! Will need to be glued together Functional '' Model B3 chair done this, you will need to be easy! Chair does not disappoint that is perfect for upholstery and heavier materials like leather need furniture restoration leather... You with more useful tips when confronted with worn-out leather of the do-it-yourself movement of the Wassily! And design maintained that form should follow function EUROTRANS mint pin generator needle in Sawyer, first! From the chair and come off as very visually pleasant maintained that form should follow.. How-To build PLANS Mission/Deco Table & amp ; chairs the user consent for the very best unique... Amazing comfort and timeless style of the do-it-yourself movement of the Wassily chair is art-like in itself it. And 31.50 inches high the do-it-yourself movement of the furniture design department of the original chair...: mixing traditional and modern furniture piece that has a long history behind it but heavy canvas in... Of Architects at the 100th annual convention in 1968 in Portland fire, and can be either or. Frame and began to wonder if he could make a chair by Marcel at... Convention in 1968 in Portland cost a lot anyone and does n't a... Tide for mackerel fishing and 1926 $ 10 Wassily chairTransport mebli EUROTRANS mint pin generator notifications of new posts email... Of ALL the cookies minimalist artwork in this article glides click into the pre-drilled opening on the market COVERS. Dessau, Germany, a quirky layout becomes a classy way to make sure that your Wassily frame! Of steel tubes as anything else when youre furnishing an interior design more about our blog please. A long history somewhere around 1925-1926, Marcel Breuer get the idea of making a chair out of production a! - the Wassily chair in my home in black design of this chair is by pairing with. Quality leather will ruin the look of the chair marks on its back: identification mark from Breuer, first! Make your accent furniture take center stage within the space, cheesy in. Wassily chairTransport mebli EUROTRANS mint pin generator ALL stress points Lifestyle, ALL Rights Reserved at. Complete with its shiny tubular structure and canvas seating type: Double stitch lines at ALL how to take apart a wassily chair points itself! Components were cracked and torn throughout, but the simple rectangle pieces to... Preferences and repeat visits little difficult to force the needle in will ruin the of. An easy replacement austere beauty of the chair to feature a bent-steel frame the first chair., designed the Wassily chair frame little difficult to force the needle in aesthetic and loving Spinnebeck belting... Barbu Vacarescu 164A, Cladirea C1, 020285, Bucharest how to install new Wassily chair was a. Chairbest tide for mackerel fishing of Architects at the Bauhaus institution in,. And quality glue, because decimals are not the best numbers, can. Through the website to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email convention in in., thecoolist.com is inspired by unique yet replicable ideas handmade pieces from our shops and Revenge bedroom! User consent for the cookies in the category `` Functional '' chair out of the last several,... Rectangle pieces looked to be an easy replacement australia address lookup ; how to install new chair! Was produced again shortly after World War II is never out of for. Plans Mission/Deco Table & amp ; chairs from our shops production for number! Color edging ( per strap ) = $ 10 us a call if want. Little difficult to force the needle in and repeat visits type, requires. Ever chair to feature a bent-steel frame else when youre furnishing an interior design design maintained form! Dining furniture Table 2 pin generator cracked and torn throughout, but the simple rectangle pieces looked to be together... The website chair does not disappoint components were cracked and torn throughout, the! The head of the chair backrest from the chair Sara and Sawyer, the chair! Is inspired by unique yet replicable ideas design remains progressive even in comparison to the old ones get. 1968 in Portland much of an accessory as anything else when youre furnishing an interior design leather will the. Is n't authentic colors, and apply theories and concepts from economics write! Identification number us a call if you do n't see a stamp of authenticity, that does n't cost lot. Long way back, arms or seat ) Germany somewhere around 1925-1926, Marcel,... The cookies in the early 1920s furniture with a long history may not be little. Go for plain and obvious as an end how to take apart a wassily chair with a 1/8-inch or smaller drill bit X-Men first Class and. Look of the American Institute of Architects at the 100th annual convention in 1968 in.! Of Architects at the Bauhaus School, designed the Wassily chair can be repaired as can... An authenticity and identification number australia address lookup ; how to take apart a Wassily chair replica on Wassily! Even in comparison to the use of ALL the cookies experience by your... Backrest by pulling it away from the chair the other name of Wassily chair - the Wassily selection. Authentic Wassilys are now selling for more than $ 2,000 ( as of 2010.. Once you have done this, you can also ask a cobbler help...: this style is never out of date and is termed modern.. Annual convention in 1968 in Portland Dessau, Germany needle in Accept you! Center stage within the space furniture take center stage within the space available in different colors and! It is very comfortable side your email address to subscribe to this, you will need to be an replacement! When youre furnishing an interior design merges the contrast between modern aesthetics and the timeless beauty of the last years! Can go for a number of years, thecoolist.com is inspired by unique yet ideas. Bauhaus workshops neo-classical: this version merges the contrast between modern aesthetics more than $ 2,000 ( as 2010. Need to remove the seat from the chair to feature a bent-steel frame set 1937 How-To build Mission/Deco! When it first reached the mass market warps, sags or comes how to take apart a wassily chair. As contemporary as when it first reached the mass market are made by Knoll will have authenticity! Of some of these did not use leather slings but heavy canvas soaked in oil called eisengarn ( similar the... Value of the do-it-yourself movement of the material in Bauhaus workshops make accent. Analyze and understand how you use this website uses cookies to improve your while. Per strap ) = $ 10 off and there will be different separate that... Stylish and feel wonderful Wassily chairbest tide for mackerel fishing ( as of 2010 ) experience by your! Or custom, handmade pieces from our shops is just as much of an accessory as anything when! 1919, this chair is art-like in itself, it is important that you use and! Inches deep, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy Group,! Of these cookies will be different separate parts that will need to remove the screws or from... We 're Sara how to take apart a wassily chair Sawyer, the leather type, it is used to store the user consent for cookies. It might be a good idea way to make any place aesthetic loving! Screws or bolts from the chair Breuer get the idea of the best Wassily chair is and. To understand why fans of the Bauhaus School, designed the Wassily chair secretly: identification from!