They took it to Kufa, then to Damascus to be presented to Yazid. [152][153] According to historian Syed Akbar Hyder, Mahatma Gandhi attributed the historical progress of Islam, to the "sacrifices of Muslim saints like Husayn" rather than military force. Although Tabari and other early sources contain some miraculous stories,[98] these sources are mainly historical and rational in nature,[103] in contrast to the literature of later periods, which is mainly hagiographical in nature. [17] Ibn 'Abbas pointed out that the Kufis had left both Ali and Hassan alone, and suggested that Husayn go to Yemen instead of Kufa, or at least not take women and children with him if he were to go to Iraq. However, Madlung and Bahramian write that when Husayn was ready to leave, Hurr blocked his way and said that if Husayn did not accept the order given by Ibn Ziad, Hurr would not allow him to go to Medina or Kufa. Allamah Iqbal and Imam Hussain (AS) However, perhaps fewer people know that many lives have also been transformed at the sanctuaries of Al-Bahnassa in Upper Egypt, once visited by 10,000 of the prophets companions and where 5,000 of them lie at rest under its soil. 1197 AH (1782 AD). [52][59], Husayn and Ibn Sa'd met during the night to negotiate a settlement; it was rumored that Husayn made three proposals: either he be allowed to return to Medina, submit to Yazid directly, or be sent to a border post where he would fight alongside the Muslim armies. [224] He too sees Husayn's death as a sacrifice made in the path of God, and condemns Yazid as being bereft of divine love. Except for Muhammad, Ali and Hasan, they had said the same thing. In his Musnad, Abu Bakr Bazar has narrated the Musnad of Husayn Ibn Ali with 4 hadiths and Tabarani has narrated his Musnad with 27 hadiths, respectively. Husayn refused to do so. [51] On persuasion of Husayn's cousin Abd Allah ibn Ja'far, the governor of Mecca Amr ibn Sa'id sent his brother and Ibn Ja'far after Husayn in order to assure him safety in Mecca and bring him back. The sincerity of Ibn al-Zubayr's advice has been doubted by many historians, however, as he had his own plans for leadership and was supposedly happy to be rid of Husayn. [121][123] Occasionally, especially in the past, some Sunni participation in majalis and processions has been observed. [10][13] There, the people of Kufa sent letters to him, invited him to Kufa and asked him to be their Imam and pledged their allegiance to him. [173], The first political use of the death of Husayn seems to have been during the revolt of Mukhtar, when he seized Kufa under the slogan of "Revenge for Husayn". [10], According to the Shi'a, Husayn was the third Imam for a period of ten years after the death of his brother Hasan in 670 AD. Umayyad [108], Mourning for Husayn is considered by Shi'as to be a source of salvation in the afterlife,[111] and is undertaken as a remembrance of his suffering. [9] In many narrations, the resemblance of Husayn and his brother to Muhammad is mentioned, and each of them is likened to half of their grandfather's behavior. This revenge is believed to be one of the fundamental objectives of the future revolution of the twelfth Shi'a Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, whose return is awaited. Williams, Caroline. Other early monographs on the death of Husayn, which have not survived, were written by al-Asbagh al-Nubata, Jabir ibn Yazid al-Ju'fi, Ammar ibn Mu'awiya al-Duhni. The Shrine of Husayn's Head (Arabic: , romanized: Mh al-Nab al-usyan, lit. ; RCEA,7:26063. [221] Persian Sufi poet Hakim Sanai describes Husayn as a martyr, higher in rank than all the other martyrs of the world; while Farid ud-Din Attar considers him a prototype of a Sufi who sacrificed himself in the love of God. Ali II was killed in Karbala at the age of 19. Wa as-salamu alaykum, wa Rahmatu Allah. Shia mourn during Muharram, although Sunnis do so to a much lesser extent. [161] During the British Mandate it was a "large maqam on top of a hill" with no tomb but a fragment of a pillar showing the place where the head had been buried. [55], He then showed them the letters he had received from the Kufans, including some in Hurr's force. [78], The killing of the grandson of Muhammad shocked the Muslim community. [137] According to the Shia scholar, Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, the opinion of some commentators about the difference in taste between Hasan and Husayn is misplaced; Because despite not swearing allegiance to Yazid, Husayn, like his brother, spent ten years in Mu'awiya's rule and never opposed it. The Imam Husain Shrine or the Station of Imam Husayn ibn Ali is the mosque and burial site of Husayn ibn Ali, the third Imam of Islam, in the city of Karbala', Iraq. Did The Prophet Muhammad (S) Know About Karbala? [177] Buyids, a Shi'a dynasty originally from Iran which later occupied the Abbasid capital Baghdad while accepting the Abbasid caliph's suzerainty,[178] promoted the public rituals of Muharram to portray themselves as patrons of religion and to strengthen the Shi'a identity in Iraq. Do you know where we are?" The tomb and its annexes were destroyed by Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil in 850-851 and Shia pilgrimage was prohibited, but shrines in Karbala and Najaf were built by the Buwayhid emir Adud al-Daula in in 979-80. [56] Later, a messenger from Ibn Ziad came to Hur and without greeting Husayn, gave a letter to Hur in which Ibn Ziad had ordered him to not to stop in a place where Husayn can have easy access to water. There's no doubt that the head did go to Kufa for a certain period. Believing that Husayn wanted to redeem people from their sins with his blood, and that his action was "a redemptive sacrifice for the salvation of the world", according to Vaglieri, is foreign to Shia belief; however it may have been penetrated to Shia ta'zieh and recent poems later on, since it is easy to make the transition from tawassul to this idea, or it may be influenced by Christian ideas. [22] What Is The Difference Between Adderall And Adzenys? One view is that it is burried in Cairo, Egypt and the other is that it is buried in the Ummayad Mosque in Damascus, Syria. He also settled several families around the enclosure. The political assessments made it clear to Husayn that going to Kufa was no longer apt.[54]. Husayn answered the summons but declined to pledge allegiance in the secretive environment of the meeting, suggesting it should be done in public. [195] According to Aghaie, the Shah's hostility towards various Muharram rituals, which he considered to be uncivilized, contributed to his fall. : : : : : : . [47] [10], Hasan and Husayn were the only male descendants of the Muhammad from whom the next generations were born. [36] Fearing the crusaders, Ashkelon's ruler Sayf al-Mamlaka Tamim brought the head to Cairo on 31 August 1153 (8 Jumada al-Thani, AH 548). Sayyid Ela' Dheya' Eddeen - museum director - said, "Where the piece of marble was is most likely a sign indicating the Imam's holy head. 10]. I knew of 2 different locations of where the head of Imam Hussain (as) was buried: Karbala with the body and Sham. [203] Although Maqatil on the deaths of Ali, Uthman and various others have been written,[204] the Maqtal genre has focused mainly on the story of Husayn's death. [208] Husayn is claimed to have performed various miracles, including quenching his companions' thirst by putting his thumb in their mouths and satisfying their hunger by bringing down food from the heavens, and to have killed several thousand Umayyad attackers. [52] If Ibn Sa'd was unwilling to carry out the attack, he was instructed to hand over command to Shemr. Do Sunnis visit Karbala? [151] Therefore, almost all Muslims consider Husayn honorable because he was the grandson of Muhammad and because of the belief that he sacrificed himself for an ideal. [Source: al-Amaali - Shaikh Sadooq, Pg. [154], The positive attitude of the Sunnis towards Husayn, according to Vaglieri, is most likely due to the sad narrations that Abu Mikhnaf has collected, some of which have been narrated directly or with short chains of transmitters, mostly from Kufis who regretted their actions towards Husayn. He would travel with the poor or invite them to his house and feed them. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Or, it ascended with the body as we have in some ahadith. [84] Mukhtar executed Kufans involved in the killing of Husayn, including Ibn Sa'd and Shemr, while thousands of people fled to Basra. Imam Hussain (a.s.) and his followers were all decapitated after martyrdom and their severed heads were hoisted on spears, as the army of Yazid with a strength between 30 thousand and 70 thousand soldiers celebrated their victory. Once one of Husayn's slaves did something wrong. Husayn's kunya, Abu Abd Allah, probably refers to this son. . The death of the third imam and his followers marked the 'big bang' that created the rapidly expanding cosmos of Shi'ism and brought it into motion. You will need to follow the instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site. One of the valuables Imam Hussain Museum has is a piece of marble, which was - for long - positioned to the side of the grave where the holy head of Imam Hussain (Peace Be Upon Him) is buried. [63] Husayn then delivered a speech to his opponents reminding them of his status as Muhammad's grandson and reproaching them for inviting and then abandoning him. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. It is said that Imam Hussain purchased the land of Karbala from the tribe of Bani Asad who lived there and gifted it back to them. ", "Then he asked me to have the donkey and the mule saddled. They can be distinguished from Shia Muslims by the way in which they perform their prayers. Imam Hussain (PBUH) and all of his men were killed and beheaded. Husayn, in response, depicted his great love for Rubab and Sakinah in three lines of poetry. Facebook . [222] Jalal ud-Din Rumi describes Husayn's suffering at Karbala as a means to achieve union with the divine, and hence considers it to be a matter of jubilation rather than grief. Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? [166][165], Wellhausen has described Husayn's revolt as a premature and ill-prepared campaign by an ambitious person. [k][98] Tabari quotes either directly from Abu Mikhnaf or from his student Ibn al-Kalbi, who took most of his material from Abu Mikhnaf. Shemr, who commanded the left wing of the Umayyad army, launched an attack, but after losses on both sides he was repulsed. According to Madelung, Husayn was similar to his father, Ali, while Hasan had the temperament of Muhammad and criticized the policies of his father, Ali. Aleppo and Shiism is a book written by al-Shaykh Ibrahim. God also informed the previous prophets about the killing of Husayn. [225] Turkish Sufi Yunus Emre labels Husayn, along with his brother Hasan, as the "fountain head of the martyrs" and "Kings of the Paradise" in his songs. Husayn sent Abbas to ask Ibn Sa'd to wait until the next morning, so that they could consider the matter. According to Madelung, after Hasan's peace with Mu'awiya, Husayn married Layla, from whom Ali al-Akbar was born. Imam (as), his son, Ismail and I descended and we all prayed there. [45] While in Mecca, Husayn received letters from pro-Alids in Kufa informing him that they were tired of the Umayyad rule, which they considered to be oppressive, and that they had no rightful leader. Assalamu alaykum, wa Rahmatu Allah. Banu Asad could not recognize the bodies with out their heads. Muharram observances are carried out in countries with a sizable Muslim population. It is said that Imam Hussain purchased the land of Karbala from the tribe of Bani Asad who lived there and gifted it back to them. [15][16][80] Karbala gave this early political party of pro-Alids a distinct religious identity and helped transform it into a distinct religious sect. Ali proposed her marriage with Husayn, but since Husayn and Imra al-Qais's daughter were too young at the time, the actual marriage took place later. The battle was followed by the Second Fitna, during which the Iraqis organized two separate campaigns to avenge the death of Husayn; the first one by the Tawwabin and the other one by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and his supporters. Since there was no way by which they could know whose body belonged to whom, they were worried. [9], On 2 October 680 (2 Muharram 61 AH), Husayn arrived at Karbala, a desert plain 70 kilometers (43mi) north of Kufa, and set up camp. Being a grandson of the prophet, he is a member of the Ahl al-Bayt. [17] According to a report by Tabari, Husayn was among Ali's major supporters who were cursed in public by the order of Mu'awiya. The slain of Karbala will enter Paradise without any reckoning. One of Shii Islams foremost holy cities, it lies 55 miles (88 km) southwest of Baghdad, with which it is connected by rail. [47] He collected his blood in a cupped hand and cast towards the sky, complaining to God of his suffering. These influenced the composition of the more popular text Rawdat al-Shuhada (Garden of Martyrs), which was written in 1502 by Husain Wa'iz Kashefi. Sayyid Ela' Dheya' Eddeen - museum director - said, "Where the piece of marble was is most likely a sign indicating the Imam's holy head. According to a tradition, the heads of all the martyrs were given to Hazrat Imam Zainul Abideen (RA) and he brought them to Karbala and buried them. Brief History of Transfer of the Sacred Head of Hussain ibn Ali, From Damascus to Ashkelon to Qahera By: Qazi Dr. Shaikh Abbas Borhany PhD (USA), NDI, Shahadat al A'alamiyyah (Najaf, Iraq), M.A., LLM (Shariah) Member, Ulama Council of Pakistan. 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